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Literature Selections

RFA Is Safe, Effective for Molecular Negative Bethesda III Thyroid Nodules

April 8, 2025

Jackson K, McCabe J, Stern S, et al. . J Am Coll Surg. 2025; in press.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is associated with reduced risk for nerve injury and improved cosmesis compared to surgical thyroidectomy; RFA is an accepted approach for benign (up to Bethesda II) thyroid nodules.

Nodules classified as Bethesda III have a risk of malignancy of 22% and are less frequently treated with RFA. Molecular testing can reduce the risk of malignancy to 3%–10%. This article reported a retrospective analysis of data from a prospectively maintained database (n = 32) of patients with Bethesda III nodules with low-risk molecular profiles treated with RFA.

After RFA, patients with Bethesda III nodules had nodule volume reduction similar to Bethesda II nodules (77% at 24 months follow up), and all patients had significant symptom improvement.

The authors concluded that RFA was safe for patients with Bethesda III thyroid nodules with low-risk molecular profiles, but longer follow up data are needed.